Intrinsic Solutions :: Libelium

Waspmote

Features

Ultra low power (7µA)
120+ sensors integrated on 10 Sensor Boards
16 radio technologies:
- Long range: 4G / 3G / GPRS / GPRS+GPS / LoRaWAN / LoRa / Sigfox / 868 MHz / 900 MHz
- Medium range: ZigBee / 802.15.4 / DigiMesh / WiFi
- Short range: RFID/NFC / Bluetooth 2.1 / BLE
Over the Air Programming (OTA)
Encryption libraries (AES, RSA, MD5, SHA, Hash)
Certified encapsulated line (Plug & Sense!)
Industrial Protocolos: RS-232, RS-485, Modbus, CAN Bus, 4-20mA

Waspmote Overview

LoRaWAN

New Radio Technology Extreme Range even through buildings.

New Water Ions!

Now more than 15 different Ions.

Waspmote

New Generation!

Hardware

Waspmote hardware architecture has been specially designed to work with extremely low consumption. Digital switches allow to turn on and off any of the sensor interfaces as well as the radio modules. Three different sleep modes make Waspmote the lowest consumption IoT platform in the market (7 µA).

Sensor Board

There are more than 110 sensors available to connect to Waspmote: CO, CO2, soil moisture, wind, IR presence, humidity, temperature, pH, radiation, liquid, luminosity, etc. Our Sensor Boards allow developers to easily use sensors in Waspmote.

Wireless Interface

There are 16 different wireless interfaces for Waspmote including long range (4G / 3G / GPRS / GPRS+GPS / LoRaWAN / LoRa / Sigfox / 868 MHz / 900 MHz), medium range (ZigBee / 802.15.4 / DigiMesh / WiFi) and short range (RFID/NFC / Bluetooth 2.1 / Bluetooth Low Energy). They can be used solely or in combination of two by using the Expansion Radio Board.

Industrial Protocols

Connect any sensor in industrial environments. Compatible with: RS-232, RS-485, Modbus, CAN Bus, 4-20mA.

Over the Air Programming

Over the Air programming (OTAP) enables software upgrades of the motes without the need of physical access. Software upgrades can be made in minutes and it is possible to choose between updating single nodes (unicast) or an entire network (broadcast).

Encryption Libraries

The encryption libraries for Waspmote ensure the authentication, confidentiality (privacy) and integrity of the information gathered by the sensors. To do so, different cryptography algorithms including AES 256, RSA 1024 and MD5 have been implemented.

Hardware

General Characterisics

Microcontroller :

ATmega1281

Frequency :

14.74 MHz

SRAM :

8 KB

EEPROM :

4 KB

FLASH :

128 KB

SD Card :

2 GB

Weight :

20 gr

Dimensions :

73.5 x 51 x 13 mm

Temperature Range :

[-30ºC, +70ºC]

Clock :

RTC (32KHz)

Power Consumption

ON :

17 mA

Sleep :

30 μA

Deep Sleep :

33 μA

Hibernate :

7 μA

Inputs / Outputs

7 analog inputs, 8 digital I/O 2 UARTs, 1 I2C, 1 SPI, 1 USB

Electrical Characterisics

Battery voltage :

3.3 V - 4.2 V

USB Charging :

5 V - 480 mA

Solar panel load :

6 - 12 V - 300 mA

Built-in sensors on the board

Accelerometer :

±2g / ±4g / ±8g

Low Power :

0.5 Hz / 1 Hz / 2 Hz / 5 Hz / 10 Hz

Normal Mode :

50 Hz / 100 Hz / 400 Hz / 1000 Hz

Sensor Boards

City pollution-Emissions from farms and hatcheries-Control of chemical and industrial processes-Forest fires.

Gases

Applications

City pollution- CO, CO2, NO2, O3
Emissions from farms and hatcheries- CH4 ,H2S , NH3
Control of chemical and industrial processes- C4H10 ,H2, VOC
Forest fires- CO, CO2

Sensors

Carbon Monoxide – CO
Carbon Dioxide – CO2
Oxygen – O2
Methane – CH4
Hydrogen – H2
Ammonia – NH3
Isobutane – C4H10
Ethanol – CH3CH2OH

Toluene – C6H5CH3
Hydrogen Sulfide – H2S
Nitrogen Dioxide – NO2
Ozone – O3
Hydrocarbons – VOC
Temperature
Humidity
Atmospheric pressure

Gases PRO

Applications

City pollution - CO, NO, NO2, O3, SO2, Particle Matter - Dust
Air Quality Index calculation - SO2, NO2, Particle Matter - Dust, CO, O3, NH3
Emissions from farms and hatcheries - CH4, H2S, NH3
Greenhouse management - CO2, CH4, humidity
Control of chemical and industrial processes - H2, HCl, CH4, SO2, CO2
Indoor air quality - CO2, CO, Particle Matter - Dust, O3
Forest fires - CO, CO2

Sensors

Carbon Monoxide – CO
Carbon Dioxide – CO2
Molecular Oxygen – O2
Ozone – O3
Nitric Oxide – NO
Nitric Dioxide – NO2
Sulfur Dioxide – SO2
Ammonia – NH3
Methane – CH4 – and other combustible gases
Molecular Hydrogen – H2

Hydrogen Sulfide – H2S
Hydrogen Chloride – HCl
Hydrogen Cyanide – HCN
Phosphine – PH3
Ethylene Oxide – ETO
Chlorine – Cl2
Particle Matter (PM1 / PM2.5 / PM10) - Dust Sensor [Only for Plug & Sense!]
Temperature
Humidity
Pressure

Events

Applications

Security - Vibration, hall effect (doors and windows), person detection PIR
Emergencies - Presence detection and water level sensors, temperature
Control of goods in logistics - Vibration and impact sensors
Actuation - Control DC units such as irrigation valves, thermostats, illumination systems, motors, PLC's, etc.

Sensors

Pressure/Weight
Vibration
Impact
Hall Effect
Tilt
Liquid Presence
Liquid flow

Water leakages
Liquid Level
Luminosity (Luxes)
Presence (PIR)
Ultrasound
Relay to control external DC units.
(<30VDC, 1A)

Smart Agriculture

Applications

Precision Agriculture - Leaf wetness, fruit diameter
Irrigation Systems - Soil moisture, leaf wetness
Greenhouses - Solar radiation, humidity, temperature
Weather Stations - Anemometer, wind vane, pluviometer

Sensors

Air Temperature, Humidity and Pressure
Soil Temperature / Moisture
Leaf Wetness
Solar Radiation - PAR
Ultraviolet Radiation - UV
Trunk Diameter
Stem Diameter

Fruit Diameter
Anemometer
Wind Vane
Pluviometer
Luminosity (Luxes)
Ultrasound (distance measurement)

Smart Water

Applications

Potable water monitoring - pH, ORP, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Nitrates
Chemical leakage detection in rivers - Extreme pH values signal chemical spills, Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
Swimming pool remote measurement - pH, Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP)
Pollution levels in the sea - Temperature, Conductivity (Salinity), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Nitrates

Sensors

pH
Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP)
Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
Conductivity
Temperature
Turbidity

Smart Water Ions

Specific Ion Monitoring Applications

Drinking water quality control - Calcium (Ca2+), Iodide (I-), Chloride (Cl-), Nitrate (NO3-), Magnesium (Mg2+), Sodium (Na+), pH
Agriculture water monitoring - Calcium (Ca2+), Nitrate (NO3-), Magnesium (Mg2+), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Ammonium (NH4+), pH
Swimming pools - Bromide (Br-), Chloride (Cl-), Fluoride (F-), pH
Waste water treatment - Cupric (Cu2+), Silver (Ag+), Fluoroborate (BF4-),Lithium (Li+),Nitrite (NO2-),Perchlorate (CIO4-), pH

Sensors

Ammonium (NH4+)
Bromide (Br-)
Calcium (Ca2+)
Chloride (Cl-)
Cupric (Cu2+)
Fluoride (F-)
Iodide (I-)
Lithium (Li+)
Magnesium (Mg2+)

Nitrate (NO3-)
Nitrite (NO2-)
Perchlorate (CIO4-)
Potassium (K+)
Silver (Ag+)
Sodium (Na+)
Temperature
pH

Smart Cities PRO

Applications

Noise maps - Monitor in real time the acoustic levels in the streets of a city
Air quality - Detect the level of gases and particulates in the air
Waste management - Measure the garbage levels in bins to optimize the trash collection routes

Sensors

Noise Level (dBA / LeqA) [Only for Plug & Sense!]
Carbon Monoxide – CO
Carbon Dioxide – CO2
Molecular Oxygen – O2
Ozone – O3
Nitric Oxide – NO
Nitric Dioxide – NO2
Sulfur Dioxide – SO2
Ammonia – NH3
Methane – CH4 – and other combustible gases

Molecular Hydrogen – H2
Hydrogen Sulfide – H2S
Hydrogen Chloride – HCl
Phosphine – PH3
Ethylene Oxide – ETO
Chlorine – Cl2
Particle Matter (PM1 / PM2.5 / PM10) – Dust Sensor [Only for Plug & Sense!]
Temperature, Humidity and Pressure
Ultrasound (distance measurement)
Luminosity (Luxes)

Smart Parking

Applications

Car detection for available parking information
Detection of free parking lots outdoors
Parallel and perpendicular parking lots control

Sensors

Magnetic Field

Benefits

LoRaWAN / Sigfox (double radio) [868 and 900 / 915 models]
Small and weatherproof enclosure
On-road, surface installation
Out-of-the-box operation (no programming needed)
Remote Manager
Extended battery lifetime

4-20 mA (Current Loop)

Applications

Sensors and Instruments
Remote transducers
Monitoring processes
Data transmission in industrial scenarios

The user can choose among a wide variety of standard sensors

Features

Type: Analog
Media: Twisted Pair
No. of devices: 1
Distance: 900m
Supply: 5-24V

Video Camera

Applications

Security - Take pictures and record videos for security, surveillance and military deployments

Sensors

Camera
Luminosity
Infra-Red (IR)
Presence (PIR)

Radiation

Applications

Monitor the radiation levels via wireless without comprising the life of the security forces
Create prevention and control radiation networks in the surroundings of a nuclear plant
Measure the amount of Beta and Gamma radiation in specific areas autonomously

Sensors

Geiger tube [β, γ] (Beta and Gamma)

Prototyping Sensor

Applications

Prepared for the integration of any kind of sensor.

Sensors

Pad area
Integrated circuit area
Analog-to-Digital converter (16-bit ADC)

Customizable

Are you interested in your own sensor selection?

Would you like us to integrate new sensors to fulfill a specific application?

Wireless Interface

802.15.4 / Zigbee

Sigfox

Frequency:
- Sigfox 868 module: ISM 868 MHz
- Sigfox 900 module: ISM 900 MHz
TX Power:
- Sigfox 868 module: 16 dBm
- Sigfox 900 module: 24 dBm
Receive sensitivity: -126 dBm
ETSI limitation: 140 messages of 12 bytes, per module per day
Range: Typically, each base station covers some km. Check the Sigfox Network
Radio Data Rate: 100 bps
Sigfox certificate: Class 0u (the highest level)

Note: 0dB antenna picture with representative purposes only. The provided antenna is bigger and with better performance: 4.5dB.

LoRaWAN 868 - 900/915 - 433MHz

Protocol: LoRaWAN 1.0, Class A
LoRaWAN - ready
Frequency:
- LoRaWAN 868/433 modules: 868 MHz and 433 MHz ISM bands
- LoRaWAN 900 module: 900-930 MHz ISM band
TX Power:
- LoRaWAN 868/433 modules: 14 dBm
- LoRaWAN 900 module: 18.5 dBm
Sensitivity: -136 dBm
Range: >15 km at suburban and >5 km at urban area. Typically, each base station covers some km. Check the LoRaWAN Network in your area.
Receiver: purchase your own base station or use networks from LoRaWAN operators

Note: 0dB antenna picture with representative purposes only. The provided antenna is bigger and with better performance: 4.5dB.

LoRa 868 - 900/915 MHz

Frequencies Available: 860-1000 MHz, fits both 868 (Europe) and 900 MHz (USA) ISM bands
Max TX Power: 14dBm
Sensitivity: -134dBm
Range: Line of Sight: 21+ km / 13.4+ miles (LoS and Fresnel zone clearance)
Antenna: 868 / 915 MHz: 4.5 dBi
Connector: RP-SMA
Encryption: AES 128/192/256 bits (performed by Waspmote API)

Note: 0dB antenna picture with representative purposes only. The provided antenna is bigger and with better performance: 4.5dB.

WiFi

TX Power: 17 dBm
RX Sensitivity: -94dBm
Internet protocols: ARP, ICMP, IP, UDP, TCP, DHCP, DNS, NTP, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP
Security protocols: SSL3/TLS1, HTTPS, RSA, AES-128/256, 3DES, RC-4, SHA-1, MD-5, WEP, WPA and WPA2 accelerated in hardware: AES, 3DEC and SHA

Wireless specifications

Standards: IEEE 802.11b/g/n
Frequency: Europe: 2.412 – 2.472 GHz, USA: 2.412 – 2.462 GHz, Japan: 2.412 – 2.484 GHz
Channels: Europe - 13, USA - 11, Japan - 14

Actions

TCP/IP - UDP/IP socket connections
Ten simultaneous TCP/UDP sockets
HTTP and HTTPS (secure) web connections
FTP file transfers
Connects with any commercial WiFi router
802.11 roaming capabilities

Model: LE910 (Telit)
Versions:
- Europe/Brazil
- America
- Australia
Europe/Brazil version:
- 2G: 900/1800 MHz
- WCDMA: 850/900/2100 MHz
- LTE: 800/1800/2600 MHz
America version:
- 2G: 850/1900 MHzz
- WCDMA: 850/1900 MHz
- LTE: 700/850/1700/1900 MHz
Australia version:
- 4G: 700/1800/2600 MHz
LTE (downlink): Europe/Brazil and America versions: 100 Mbps Australia version: 150 Mbps

Actions:

Sending/Receiving SMS
Multisocket up to 6 TCP/IP and UDP/IP clients
TCP/IP server
HTTP and HTTPS service
FTP and FTPS service (downloading and uploading files)
Sending/receiving email (SMTP/POP3)

Model: SIM5215
Versions: Europe and America/Australia
Protocols: 3G, WCDMA, UMTS, GPRS, GSM
Europe version:
- Dual-Band: 900/2100 MHz
- Tri-Band: 850/900/1800 MHz
America/Australia version:
- Dual-Band: 850/1900 MHz
- Quad-Band: 850/900/1800/1900 MHz
WCDMA (downlink): up to 384 kbps
WCDMA (uplink): up to 384 kbps

Actions:

Videocall, record video and take pictures available with Video Camera Sensor Board
Support microSD card up to 32 GB
64 MB of internal storage space
Making/Receiving calls
Making ‘x’ tone missed calls
Sending/Receiving SMS
Single connection and multiple connections TCP/IP and UDP/IP clients
TCP/IP server
HTTP and HTTPS service
FTP and FTPS service (downloading and uploading files)
Sending/receiving email (SMTP and POP3)

GPRS + GPS

Model: SIM928 (SIMCom)
Quad-Band: 850/900/1800/1900 MHz
TX Power: 2 W (Class 4) 850/900 MHz, 1 W (Class 1) 1800/1900 MHz
Sensitivity: -109 dBm
Antenna connector: U.FL
External antenna: 0 dBi

Actions:

Making/Receiving calls
Making ‘x’ tone missed calls
Sending/Receiving SMS
Single connection and multiple connections TCP/IP and UDP/IP clients
TCP/IP server
HTTP service
FTP service (downloading and uploading files)
GPS receiver

GPRS

Model: SIM900 (SIMCom)
Quad-Band: 850/900/1800/1900 MHz
TX Power: 2 W (Class 4) 850/900 MHz, 1 W (Class 1) 1800/1900 MHz
Sensitivity: -109 dBm
Antenna connector: U.FL
External antenna: 0 dBi

Actions:

Making/Receiving calls
Making ‘x’ tone missed calls
Sending/Receiving SMS
Single connection and multiple connections TCP/IP and UDP/IP clients
TCP/IP server
HTTP service
FTP service (downloading and uploading files)

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) 4.0

Protocol: Bluetooth v.4.0 / Bluetooth Smart
Chipset: BLE112
RX Sensitivity: -103 dBm
TX Power: [-23 dBm, +3 dBm]
Antenna: 2 dBi / 5 dBi (RP-SMA)
Security: AES 128
Range: 100 meters

Actions:

Send broadcast advertisements (iBeacons)
Connect to other BLE devices as Master / Slave
Connect with smartphones and tablets
Set automatic cycles sleep / transmission
Calculate distance using RSSI values
Perfect for indoor location networks (RTLS)

Bluetooh PRO

Protocol: Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR. Class 2
TX Power: 3 dBm
Antenna: 2 dBi / 5 dBi (RP-SMA)
Max scan: Up to 250 unique devices in each inquiry
Power levels: 7 [-27 dBm, +3 dBm]

Application:

Vehicular and pedestrian traffic monitoring

Features:

Received Strength Signal Indicator (RSSI) for each scanned device
Scan devices with maximum inquiry time
Scan devices with maximum number of nodes
Scan devices looking for a certain user by MAC address
Class of Device (CoD) for each scanned device

RFID / NFC

Compatibility:Reader/Writer mode supporting ISO 14443A / MIFARE / FeliCaTM / NFCIP-1
Distance: 5 cm
Max capacity: 4 kB
Tags: Cards, keyrings, stickers

Application:

Located based services (LBS)
Logistics (assets tracking, supply chain)
Access management
Electronic prepaid metering (vending machines, public transport)
Smartphone interaction (NFCIP-1 protocol)

GPS

Model: JN3 (Telit)
Sensitivity:
- Acquisition: -147 dBm
- Navigation: -160 dBm
- Tracking: -163 dBm
Sensitivity in motion: -159dBm
Sensitivity acquisition: -142dBm
Hot Start Time: < 1s

Available Information:

Latitude
Longitude
Altitude
Speed
Direction
Date/time
Ephemerids management

Expansion Radio Board

The Expansion Board allows to connect two communication modules at the same time in the Waspmote sensor platform. This means a lot of different combinations are possible using any of the wireless radios available for Waspmote: 802.15.4, ZigBee, DigiMesh, 868 MHz, 900 MHz, LoRa, WiFi, GPRS, GPRS+GPS, 3G, 4G, Sigfox, LoRaWAN, Bluetooth Pro, Bluetooth Low Energy and RFID/NFC.

Some of the possible combinations are:

LoRaWAN - GPRS
802.15.4 - Sigfox
868 MHz - RS-485
RS-232 - WiFi
DigiMesh - 4G
RS-232 - RFID/NFC
WiFi - 3G
CAN Bus - Bluetooth, etc...

Applications:

Multifrequency Sensor Networks: (2.4 GHz - 868/900 MHz)
Bluetooth - ZigBee hybrid networks
NFC (RFID) applications with 3G/GPRS
ZigBee - WiFi hybrid networks

Waspmote Gateway

Communication: 802.15.4/ZigBee/DigiMesh/868/900/LoRa/Bluetooth/BLE - USB PC
Programmable buttons and LEDs
This USB Gateway is thought for laboratory tests. For real deployments, we recommend the use of our multiprotocol router for the IoT, Meshlium.

Industrial Protocols

Connect any sensor in industrial environments. Compatible with: RS-232, RS-485, Modbus, CAN Bus, 4-20mA.

Waspmote allows to perform three main applications:

1º- Connect any sensor to an existing industrial bus

Waspmote can be configured to work as a node in the network, inserting sensor data into the industrial bus already present. Waspmote can obtain information from more than 70 sensors currently integrated in the platform by using specific sensor boards (e.g: CO, CO2, temperature, humidity, acceleration, pH, IR, luminosity, vibration, etc). This way, the sensor information can be read from any industrial device connected to the bus.

2º- Add wireless connectivity to wired buses

Waspmote can be configured to read the information from the bus and send it to the Libelium IoT Gateway using any of the wireless radio modules available: 802.15.4, 868 MHz, 900 MHz, WiFi, 4G, Sigfox and LoRaWAN.

3º- Connect to the Cloud industrial devices

Waspmote can be configured to read the information coming from the bus and send it via wireless directly to the Cloud using WiFi, GPRS, GPRS+GPS, 3G or 4G radio interfaces.

RS-485

Standard: EIA RS-485
Physical media: Twisted pair
Connector: DB9
Network topology: Point-to-point, Multi-dropped, Multi-point
Maximum devices: 32 drivers or receivers
Mode of operation: Differential signaling
Maximum speed: 460800 bps
Voltage levels: -7 V to +12 V
Mark(1): Positive voltages (B-A > +200 mV)
Space(0): Negative voltages (B-A < -200 mV)
Available signals: Tx+/Rx+, Tx-/Rx-(Half Duplex)Tx+,Tx-,Rx+,Rx-(Full Duplex)

Applications:

Industrial equipment
Machine to Machine (M2M) communications
Industrial Control Systems, including the most common versions of Modbus and Profibus
Programmable logic controllers
RS485 is also used in building automation
Interconnect security control panels and devices

RS-232

Standard: TIA-232-F
Cabling: Single ended
Connector: DB9
Network topology: Point-to-point
Maximum speed: 115200 bps
Voltage levels: -25...+25
Mark(1): -5...-15
Space(0): +5...+15
Signals: Full Duplex (Rx, TX)

Applications:

Bar code scanners and other point of sale devices
LED and LCD text displays
Satellite phones, low¬ speed satellite modems and other satellite based transceiver devices
Updating Firmware on various consumer devices
Uninterruptible power supply
Stenography or Stenotype machines
Software debuggers that run on a 2nd computer
Industrial field buses

CAN Bus

Standard: ISO 11898
Cabling: Twisted Pair
Connector: DB9
Network topology: Multimaster
Speed: 125 to 1000 Kbps
Signaling: Differential
Voltage levels: 0-5V
Signals: Half Duplex

Applications:

Automotive applications
Home automation
Industrial networking
Factory automation
Marine electronics
Medical equipment
Military uses

Modbus

The Modbus is a software library that can be operated physically on the RS-485 and RS-232 modules.

Data area: Up to 255 bytes per job
Interface: Layer 7 of the ISO-OSI reference model
Connector: DB9 (RS-485 / RS-232 modules)
Number of possible connections: up to 32 in multi point systems
Frame format: RTU

Applications:

Multiple master-slave applications
Sensors and instruments
Industrial networking
Building and infrastructure
Transportation and energy applications

4-20 mA (Current Loop)

The Modbus is a software library that can be operated physically on the RS-485 and RS-232 modules.

Type: Analog
Media: Twisted Pair
No. of devices: 1
Distance: 900m
Supply: 5-24V

Applications:

Sensors and instruments
Remote transducers
Monitoring processes
Data transmission in industrial scenarios

Over the Air Programming (OTAP)

The concept of Wireless Programming, commonly know as Programming Over the Air (OTAP) has been used in the past years overall for the reprogramming of mobile devices such as cell phones. However, with the new concepts of Wireless Sensor Networks, M2M and the Internet of Things, where the networks consist of hundreds or thousands of nodes, OTA is taken to a new direction, and for the first time it is applied using both mobile phone technologies such as 4G, 3G and GPRS and unlicensed protocols such as WiFi.

Libelium implements OTAP with the 4G, 3G, GPRS, GPRS+GPS and WiFi modules via FTP.

OTAP with 3G / GPRS / WiFi via FTP

Benefits

Enables the upgrade or change of firmware versions without physical access.
Upgrades the new firmware by querying a FTP server which helps to keep battery life.
Enables to upgrade an entire network in few minutes

Steps

Waspmote queries the FTP server for a new program version
Checks if program name, path and version are correct
Downloads the new program
Reboots and starts with the new program

Topologies

Protocols which support FTP transmissions are directly connected to the Network Access Point

Radio modules supported

4G, 3G, GPRS, GPRS+GPS, WiFi

Storage System

Once the program is downloaded to Waspmote it is stored it in the 2 GB SD card.

Meshlium OTA-FTP plug-in

Meshlium the gateway of the IoT network, hosts the FTP server inside. The user interface of Meshlium, called Manager System, features a plug-in which permits to configure this FTP server automatically by attaching the program binary file to be used.

Documentation

In order to know more about OTAP including how manage Meshlium to act as FTP server for the nodes of the network, download the OTAP guide from

http://www.libelium.com/development/waspmote/

Note

The concept of OTAP may have some other names such as:

Over the air -> OTA
Over the air Programming -> OTAP
Firmware over the air -> FOTA
Programming Over the air-> POTA
Over the air service provisioning -> OTASP
Over the air provisioning -> OTAP
Over the air parameter administration -> OTAPA
Over the air upgrade -> OTAU
Over the air update -> OTAUR
Over the air Download -> OAD
Over the air flashing -> OTAF
Over the air parameter administration -> OTAPA
Multihop Over the air programming (MOTAP)

Encryption Libraries for Waspmote Sensor Networks

The new Encryption Libraries are designed to add to the Waspmote sensor platform the capabilities necessary to protect the information gathered by the sensors. To do so three cryptography layers are defined:

In the first one all the nodes of the network share a common preshared key which is used to encrypt the information using AES 128. This process is carried out by specific hardware integrated in the same 802.15.4/ZigBee radio, allowing the maximum efficiency of the sensor nodes energy consumption. This first security layer ensures no third party devices will be able to even connect to the network (access control).
In the second security layer each node uses a point to point encryption scheme with Meshlium -the Gateway of the network-. This way even the intermediate nodes of the network (the ones which forward the information to the destination) will not be able to see the sensor data transmitted. To perform this technique each node interchanges with the Gateway a new encryption key using RSA 1024 (Public/Private keys)what ensures at the same time authentication and integrity. Once the key has been confidentially interchanged the rest of the communication is encrypted by using AES 256 via software as it ensures complete confidentiality and privacy while maintaining the minimum resources of the node in term of computing cicles and energy consumption. The "point to point" encryption key is cyclically changed using again RSA encryption in a process know as key renewal.
The third security technique is carried out in Meshlium -the Gateway- where HTTPS and SSH connections are used to send the information to the Cloud server located on the Internet.

A fourth optional encryption layer allows each node to encrypt the information using the Public key of the Cloud server. This way the information would keep confidential all the way from the sensor device to the web or data base server on the Internet.

The two main cases of the usage of the Encryption Libraries for Waspmote are:

Transmission of sensor data
Key initial sharing and key renewal

Transmission of sensor data:

Information is encrypted in the application layer via software with AES 256 using the key shared exclusivelybetween the origin and the destination. Then the packet is encrypted again in the link layer via hardware with AES 128 so that only trusted packets be forwarded, ensuring access control and improving the usage of resources of the network.

Key sharing and key renewal:

Prior to start with the software encryption with AES 256 we need to share a key between each node (origin) and the Gateway or the Cloud Server (destination). To do so we encrypt the new key using RSA 1024 using both Public/Private keys. This way, we ensure authentication, confidentiality and message integrity (as we add also a seed along with the key to generate randomness in the packet transmission). Once we get the shared key we will use it to start encrypting the sensor information as seen in the previous diagram as AES it ensures the maximum performance and and minimum message overload.

Common security issues which are solved

This relationship includes:

Access control
Authentication
Data Confidentiality (Privacy)
Data Integrity
Data Freshness (avoiding packet injection)
Non-repudation

Each node may store thousands of different Public Keys of the nodes of the network in its SD card. So we can stablish a real P2P encryption among any sensor and the Gateway and even between any sensor and any web or data base server directly.